If you have intentions of growing garlic for next year, now is the time to be ordering your seed garlic. Garlic needs about six months in the ground to get to maturity so, here in the northern hemisphere, we may be planting our garlic as early as mid-September in some areas.
With the plethora of catalogs and websites and garden centers offering garlic to gardeners, how do you know what variety of garlic to choose? And should you be choosing hard neck, or soft neck, or that look-a-like Elephant garlic?
Today on Just Grow Something we’re gonna' figure it out. We’ll talk about the differences between the types of garlic, and what might make you want to choose one variety over another – whether it’s to do with flavor, storage, disease resistance, or something else entirely. Let’s dig in!
References and Resources:
Just Grow Something | creating a podcast and gardening videos | Patreon
How many types of garlic are there? - Chef's Resource (chefsresource.com)
Explore Cornell - Home Gardening - Vegetable Growing Guides - Growing Guide
00:00:00
If you have intentions of growing garlic for next year,
00:00:02
now is the time to be ordering your seed garlic.
00:00:06
Garlic needs about six months in the ground to get to maturity,
00:00:09
so here in the northern hemisphere we may be planting
00:00:12
our garlic as early as mid-september in some areas.
00:00:15
With the plethora of catalogs and websites and garden centers
00:00:19
offering garlic to gardeners, how do you know what variety of
00:00:22
garlic to choose? And should you be choosing hard
00:00:25
neck or soft neck or that look alike?
00:00:28
Elephant garlic. Today on Just Grow Something,
00:00:31
we're going to figure it out. We'll talk about the differences
00:00:33
between the types of garlic and what might make you want to
00:00:36
choose one variety over another, whether it's to do with flavor
00:00:40
or storage, disease resistance, or something else entirely.
00:00:44
Let's dig in. Hey, I'm Karen, I started
00:00:47
gardening in a small corner of my suburban backyard and now 18
00:00:50
years later, I've got a degree in horticulture and operate a 40
00:00:53
acre market farm. I believe there is power in food
00:00:57
and that everyone should know how to grow at least a little
00:00:59
bit of their own. On this podcast, I share
00:01:02
evidence based techniques to help you plant, grow, harvest
00:01:05
and store all your family's favorites.
00:01:07
Consider me your friend in the garden.
00:01:09
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00:01:12
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So again, thank you to those of you who are concerned about
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ratings, the reviews, the shares and the views all help support
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this show. And I really do truly appreciate
00:03:40
each and everyone of you. So let's talk garlic.
00:03:48
There are over 600 different varieties of garlic in the
00:03:53
world. So if you've felt a little
00:03:54
overwhelmed looking at the choices, you have a very good
00:03:57
reason to feel that way. Let's talk about the differences
00:04:00
in the types so that you can narrow your choices down a
00:04:04
little bit. And the first thing that we
00:04:06
would be concerned with when choosing a type would be climate
00:04:09
suitability. So the two main different types
00:04:14
of garlic are hard neck and soft neck, right?
00:04:17
So the most obvious difference between hard neck and soft neck
00:04:20
garlic is the way they look and the way they sort of grow.
00:04:24
Hard neck garlic has that long flowering stem growing through
00:04:29
the center of the bulb and this is what we call the scape.
00:04:33
Now generally we remove the scape from the bulb because we
00:04:37
want to force energy into the bulb growth rather than allowing
00:04:40
it to flour. These scapes are edible.
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We use them just like a chive or a green onion, but one that has
00:04:46
a really strong garlicky kick. Garlicscape pesto is like one of
00:04:51
my favorite spring treats. But if you were to leave that
00:04:54
scape intact, it will produce a flower that is an humble, so
00:05:00
it's a terminal pot at the very end of that scape, and that
00:05:03
actually produces little bulbules.
00:05:05
So those bulbules can actually be removed from the scape when
00:05:09
they're mature, and then they're planted in the same way as we do
00:05:13
cloves. But the difference is that those
00:05:16
would actually need at least two seasons worth of growth, usually
00:05:21
3, before they actually produce a differentiated bulb like what
00:05:25
we're used to in regular garlic. Now.
00:05:27
The other marked difference in hard neck garlic is the actual
00:05:33
bulb itself that surrounds the scape.
00:05:36
It is actually only in hard neck.
00:05:39
It's one single layer of pretty consistently shaped cloves, so
00:05:44
that the number of cloves actually depends on the variety
00:05:48
that you're growing the cultivar, but it tends to be
00:05:50
between 4:00 and 12:00. Soft neck varieties, on the
00:05:54
other hand, have a much higher number of cloves, which means
00:05:59
they have a larger bulb and these are the types that you
00:06:02
usually see in the grocery store.
00:06:03
So soft neck varieties usually produce between 10 and 20 cloves
00:06:07
per per bulb, sometimes even more than that.
00:06:11
And if you look at them side by side with the hard neck, the
00:06:13
soft neck are more irregular in shape.
00:06:16
And that is because where the hard neck variety grows just one
00:06:20
layer around the center, a soft neck actually has two or more
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concentric layers of those cloves, each individually
00:06:31
wrapped in their own little skin.
00:06:33
So it means that they kind of look a little bit more wonky or
00:06:37
or less uniform in shape compared to the hard neck.
00:06:40
Now the fact that they grow more cloves is likely a reproductive
00:06:46
compensation because soft necks do not usually produce escape
00:06:52
like the hard necks, so they're not going to flower and produce
00:06:55
those little bulbules. So if there's less chance of
00:06:59
them flowering, then that means they need to produce more
00:07:01
clothes. That's just an evolutionary
00:07:02
trait, honestly. Generally speaking, hard neck
00:07:07
varieties tend to grow better in areas with more severe winters.
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So this is where we start to make our decisions based on
00:07:16
climate suitability, right? Hard neck garlic requires a
00:07:20
greater period of vernalization so that that prolonged period of
00:07:24
cooler weather than soft neck varieties do so.
00:07:29
And then the opposite of that, soft necks tend to perform
00:07:32
better in areas where the winters are more mild.
00:07:35
So where I am, which is now zone 6 BI can grow both hard neck and
00:07:42
soft neck. And I usually do grow both
00:07:44
because sometimes we have really brutal winters and so the hard
00:07:49
neck does way better. But then some years we have
00:07:53
really, really mild winters and my soft neck will totally
00:07:57
outperform my hard neck. So I just grow both to make sure
00:08:01
that I'm kind of getting the best of both worlds.
00:08:03
And, and where I am, that's absolutely possible.
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If you are in zones, usually we say USDA zones 3 through 7, you
00:08:13
are better suited for hard neck garlic, right?
00:08:17
So that's that's going to be sort of your go to and then if
00:08:21
you're kind of on the border there, you know, six and seven,
00:08:26
you can absolutely also grow soft neck alongside that.
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And just depending on how your winter goes, see which one does
00:08:33
better. If you are in the milder
00:08:35
climates, that's USDA zones like 8 through 11 soft necks are
00:08:39
going to tend to do better for you.
00:08:42
They're better in those warmer regions.
00:08:43
Again, if you're on the border, like if you're in zone 8, you
00:08:47
might try a hard neck. You just might have to do sort
00:08:52
of a forced fertilization at that point, meaning that you
00:08:54
would want to store your hard neck garlic in the refrigerator
00:08:58
for a little bit before you plant it and plant it much later
00:09:02
in the year so that it's closer to that colder time of the year.
00:09:05
But definitely if your zones 8 through 11 soft neck is going to
00:09:08
be the one that you prefer. Now there is 1/3 garlic and I'm
00:09:14
doing air bunnies there and that is elephant garlic.
00:09:17
It is not a true garlic. It is very closely related.
00:09:21
It's a cousin to the leek actually.
00:09:23
So it does produce really large bulbs, but those bulbs are
00:09:28
definitely more mild. So it's more of an oniony flavor
00:09:31
with a hint of garlic rather than being, you know, garlicky
00:09:36
with with a softer finish. So if you are somebody who
00:09:39
prefers a less intense garlic flavor, then elephant garlic
00:09:44
might be the one that you choose.
00:09:47
So besides climate, why would we want to choose one type over the
00:09:54
other? So hard neck garlic cultivars
00:09:57
tend to have a much more complex flavor profile than the soft
00:10:02
neck ones. They are richer, they're
00:10:04
spicier, they are just more garlicky.
00:10:08
The hard neck garlics also tend to have larger individual clove
00:10:15
size. So if we think about the way
00:10:17
they grow, those hard neck cultivars just have the one
00:10:21
concentric ring around the center of that scape, and they
00:10:24
are all fairly uniform. There's fewer of them, but they
00:10:28
are larger. They also have a thicker skin
00:10:30
which makes them easier to peel. Soft neck varieties, on the
00:10:33
other hand, tend to taste a little bit more mild.
00:10:36
Although I have had some really good soft neck varieties and
00:10:39
they are really good, just kind of drizzled with olive oil and
00:10:42
roasted on the grill. Or they're really good for like
00:10:45
roasting in the oven. You just take the entire thing
00:10:48
and cut the top off and throw it in the oven and dry it or roast
00:10:52
it that way. Soft neck are also really good
00:10:54
for drying into garlic powder and they are the most often used
00:11:00
varieties for processed garlic products.
00:11:02
So if you're eating something from the store, 9 times out of
00:11:07
10 it's going to be a soft neck variety.
00:11:10
The cloves of the soft neck types are a little bit more
00:11:14
difficult to peel because A, they've got that more irregular
00:11:17
shape and B, the skins around them are super, super tight and
00:11:22
very, very thin. So they're difficult to get
00:11:25
apart. But this gives them an advantage
00:11:28
in storage, so we'll talk about that here in a minute.
00:11:33
So different garlic varieties offer distinct flavors from mild
00:11:38
and sweet to very hot and very pungent.
00:11:41
Your hard neck varieties tend to have that more robust, often
00:11:45
spicy flavor. The soft neck varieties are
00:11:48
usually more mild and some of them actually have a nice sweet
00:11:52
little after taste, which incidentally is what my magic
00:11:56
mind shots also have. They have a nice sweet after
00:12:00
taste. I mean if you think about it,
00:12:02
look, not only does that little green shot give me sustained
00:12:04
energy throughout my day, but it's doing it by using all
00:12:08
natural science backed ingredients.
00:12:11
But some of those ingredients usually have a very strong
00:12:13
flavor. You're talking lion's mane and
00:12:15
Cordyceps, which are mushrooms and chlorophyllin, very green
00:12:19
ashwagandha, all kinds of anti inflammatories like turmeric,
00:12:23
which also has a really good strong flavor to it.
00:12:28
And I love all of these things and all the mix of them for my
00:12:31
endurance sports, but also for working out on the farm.
00:12:34
The thing is that they have added just a hint of organic
00:12:39
agave to sweeten it up just enough that it doesn't taste
00:12:43
like green plants and mushrooms and turmeric, which means you're
00:12:48
not forcing yourself to take it. It's an enjoyable experience.
00:12:51
So you're much more likely to take it alongside your morning
00:12:53
coffee or your tea. And that makes it a really good
00:12:56
habit to start your day with. And if I sound energized, that
00:13:00
is because I had my Magic mind right alongside my second cup of
00:13:04
coffee this morning. So you can get this sort of
00:13:07
energy that I have. You can also save yourself some
00:13:10
serious coin on a subscription or a 20% off a one time purchase
00:13:13
by going to magicmind.com/just Grow Something and using code.
00:13:17
Just Grow Something 20 at checkout and try it for
00:13:21
yourself. magicmind.com/just Grow something with code.
00:13:25
Just grow Something 20 now I store my magic mind bottles in
00:13:31
our drink fridge in our kitchen. And you need to know how long
00:13:35
you want to store your garlic for because that is the next
00:13:38
consideration for which variety you want to choose and that is
00:13:41
your storage needs. So soft neck garlic typically
00:13:45
stores for about 6 to 12 months. So a year.
00:13:50
You can hold on to this after harvest once you have cured it.
00:13:52
And that is because those skins are so thin, but they are so
00:13:57
tight around the soft neck garlic cloves.
00:13:59
Your hard neck garlic generally only stores for about 3 to six
00:14:04
months and you will know that something has gone wrong or
00:14:10
you've been storing them for too long.
00:14:11
Because the hard neck garlic varieties, I have stored them
00:14:14
and I have tended to sometimes store them a little bit longer
00:14:16
than I was supposed to. And I kind of saw that they were
00:14:19
sitting there and they looked just fine, so I just left them.
00:14:22
When I got back to them finally, and it was probably a good six
00:14:26
or eight months later, I went to go and grab them and I realized
00:14:29
that they had basically just sort of disintegrated to dust
00:14:33
within their little paper shells.
00:14:35
So it looked like a solid head of garlic, but there was
00:14:37
literally nothing in there. Like you squished it and it was
00:14:40
like poof, nothing was there. I have not had that problem with
00:14:43
the soft neck garlic. The other thing too, is that
00:14:45
soft neck garlic is the one that you can braid so hard neck
00:14:51
doesn't, you know, because it has that hardscape in there.
00:14:54
First of all, it doesn't tend to braid as easily, even if you're
00:14:58
cutting that scape completely off.
00:15:00
And the softneck does this beautifully.
00:15:04
And so this is one way that you can store them.
00:15:06
You can actually just weave a braid together and hang them up
00:15:09
and let them store and then just clip them to use them
00:15:12
periodically. But if you're looking to
00:15:17
dehydrate garlic and turn it into a powder, or if you want to
00:15:23
just dice it up, one of the things that I will technically
00:15:25
do is if I will dice it up in my food processor and then I will
00:15:29
add it to a jar, a Mason jar, and then cover it with olive oil
00:15:33
and stick it in the back of my fridge.
00:15:34
And that way anytime I need basically one clove of garlic, I
00:15:38
just take a half a teaspoon of that mixture and toss it into
00:15:41
whatever it is that I'm using. You can dehydrate them and you
00:15:43
can grind them and all that kinds of thing.
00:15:45
At that point, which one you choose is entirely up to you.
00:15:50
Like I said, the soft neck is a little bit milder.
00:15:53
And if you're used to like store bought garlic powder, the soft
00:15:59
neck is what you're probably going to use.
00:16:00
The hard neck is more pungent and it that comes through
00:16:03
definitely when you are processing it.
00:16:06
So if you want that stronger kick and you want the kind of
00:16:09
higher oil content, then go for the hard neck garlic.
00:16:12
Or again, if it's possible in your area, do both and then you
00:16:15
can decide from there. And then another reason that you
00:16:19
might choose one variety or another would be for disease
00:16:22
resistance. So if you have had problems in
00:16:25
the past with anything in your your garden that is concerned
00:16:30
with white rot or Fuserium wilt or any kind of like root rot
00:16:34
nematodes, there are garlic varieties that have been bred to
00:16:39
be resistant to those types of things that are common in
00:16:43
garlic. So check with your local
00:16:45
Extension Service for recommendations on disease
00:16:48
resistant varieties that are going to be suitable to your
00:16:51
region. You can also check with your
00:16:54
Extension Service to see if there are just varieties in
00:16:57
general that they recommend for your area.
00:17:01
I know when I first started growing, I went to the
00:17:04
University of Missouri website, the Extension Service website
00:17:09
and the growing guide there listed very specific varieties
00:17:14
that did well in this area. Now I've checked on that thing
00:17:17
again, that planting guide here recently and they haven't
00:17:21
changed it. So it's still those kind of
00:17:23
older varieties. It doesn't seem like they have
00:17:24
updated it with any of the newer kind of hybrids that have come
00:17:27
out. So you, you might be, you know,
00:17:30
in better luck than I am depending on where you're
00:17:32
growing, you're gardening. But always check with your
00:17:35
Extension Service because they do continually sort of put out
00:17:38
that information and that will help you to figure out what does
00:17:40
really well in your area. The other thing too, don't
00:17:45
forget, is to opt for varieties that are readily available in
00:17:50
your region because they are likely to be better adapted to
00:17:55
your local conditions. So check with the local farmers
00:17:58
markets. If you have people at the
00:18:00
farmers market who grow garlic to sell, find out whether or not
00:18:04
they're selling seed garlic, which means that they have cured
00:18:07
it and it's ready to be put into storage or it's ready to be
00:18:11
planted in the fall and you will be able to plant from those.
00:18:15
Now the only caveat to that is if it's not certified seed
00:18:21
garlic, you are not guaranteed that it is free of any type of a
00:18:25
disease. So get to know your grower is
00:18:29
all I'm saying and make sure that you understand what they're
00:18:31
growing practices are and you can get the straight scoop from
00:18:33
them as to whether or not they have seen any diseases in their
00:18:37
garlic crop before you rely on them food to get your seed
00:18:41
garlic. We have grown it in the past and
00:18:45
just sold it as regular garlic, edible garlic, but I have known
00:18:49
customers who have purchased them from us specifically to
00:18:52
plant and since we've never had any diseases in our garlic,
00:18:56
we've never had a problem with that.
00:18:57
We have also purchased seed garlic from other local growers
00:19:01
when we haven't had a great crop or I want to try a new variety
00:19:04
and I haven't had any problems either, but that's not a
00:19:06
guarantee. So just make sure you know who
00:19:08
you are growing from or look for seed companies that specialize
00:19:13
in bioregionally adapted seeds for your area.
00:19:16
For us, that's the Buffalo Seed Company over on the Kansas side.
00:19:19
They have done a great job of growing varieties that came from
00:19:24
a climate that was very similar to ours and they have grown them
00:19:27
for several years over and over again and collected the seeds
00:19:30
from the best and continue to plant those.
00:19:33
And so everything that I have gotten from them has done
00:19:35
really, really well. And they do carry garlic.
00:19:37
So I again this year, the final thing to think about too is your
00:19:44
planting and harvesting time. Remember that hard neck garlic
00:19:49
needs a longer growing period because it requires that cold
00:19:54
exposure. You have to have that
00:19:55
vernalization in order for them to to form those differentiated
00:19:59
bulbs. Now, typically garlic is planted
00:20:00
in the fall and harvested the following summer.
00:20:03
The soft neck varieties don't tend to need as long and they do
00:20:07
not need that period of vernalization.
00:20:10
So if you're getting going late and maybe you're not hearing
00:20:15
this episode until the spring, or you hadn't really planned on
00:20:18
garlic and you haven't gotten any, you can sometimes plant the
00:20:22
soft neck varieties in spring in the milder climates and be able
00:20:26
to get a crop out of them. Your bulbs won't be quite as
00:20:28
big, but that's OK. You're still getting garlic,
00:20:31
right? But fall planting is generally
00:20:33
recommended. The soft neck varieties just
00:20:35
don't tend to take as long to get to maturity.
00:20:38
So you know you're planting and your harvesting time would be
00:20:41
one final consideration as to which garlic variety you choose.
00:20:48
So what are some go to garlic varieties?
00:20:51
I said there are over 600 of them, but there are definitely
00:20:54
some favorites or someones that are more popular or more
00:20:57
available than others, especially if you were just
00:20:59
getting started in growing growing garlic.
00:21:02
In terms of hard neck garlic chestnut red, this is a purple
00:21:05
striped variety of hard neck. It is actually originated from
00:21:10
like the southern region of the country of Georgia.
00:21:12
It's got very rich sweet tones when they are roasted or
00:21:16
sauteed. Mild heat, but a nice garlicky
00:21:20
flavor. Another one is German extra
00:21:23
Hardy. This one is a really good cold
00:21:26
Hardy hard neck porcelain variety.
00:21:29
Fairly large heads for hard neck garlic.
00:21:32
Usually 5 to 8 cloves that are really good sized.
00:21:36
A little bit of a hint of purple to the coloring.
00:21:39
Sort of a very classic garlic flavor.
00:21:42
And then music is another very popular selection that has come
00:21:46
around here in the last, I don't know, 5 or 10 years.
00:21:49
It actually was derived from the German extra Hardy.
00:21:53
It has much larger cloves, like nice big jumbo cloves, really
00:21:57
good long storage potential and also very, very good for really
00:22:02
cold climates. So the skins are thick, they are
00:22:04
tightly wrapped. They do fantastically well if
00:22:07
you are gardening in a really, really cold climate.
00:22:10
In terms of soft neck in Chilium red, that's kind of the gold
00:22:14
standard, I guess. Very strong producer, mild to
00:22:17
medium pungency, right, but really good flavor.
00:22:21
That one was actually a national soft neck garlic taste test
00:22:25
winner, winner, sorry, and has really good storage potential
00:22:31
like 8 months to a year. So that probably would be the
00:22:34
top choice. And then you've also got
00:22:36
Sicilian, which it kind of has a wide flavor range.
00:22:40
It's like really rich and musky, sometimes downright spicy.
00:22:44
So if you like a really good garlic kick, but you need to
00:22:47
grow a soft neck variety, then Sicilian might be your choice.
00:22:51
There are so many varieties of garlic because there are also
00:22:57
subtypes of garlic, so it's not just hard neck and soft neck.
00:23:01
The hard neck and soft neck are then broken down into artichoke
00:23:05
type, Creole, silver skin, Rochem bowl, porcelain, purple
00:23:09
stripe. They all have different
00:23:12
characteristics and different flavors and different storage
00:23:15
life. So I absolutely encourage you to
00:23:18
try multiple varieties and just try to understand what it is
00:23:22
that you are buying. If you can, look online for
00:23:24
descriptions of the varieties that you're considering to see
00:23:27
if they're a hard neck or a soft neck, what their storage life
00:23:30
is, what their flavor profile is, etcetera.
00:23:33
Before you make a purchase, you'll have a better idea of
00:23:36
what to expect when you harvest. And then of course, just like
00:23:39
anything else, the flavor profile and the way it grows is
00:23:42
also going to depend on your soil composition and what's
00:23:46
going on in your individual garden.
00:23:48
Just be sure, especially if you are planting multiple varieties
00:23:52
at once, that you label your crop really, really well.
00:23:56
I have a variety of garlic that I have been planting over and
00:23:59
over again for several years, but I cannot tell you anything
00:24:04
about it because my garlic's got all mixed up one year in the
00:24:07
field and I have just been saving the biggest bulbs to
00:24:11
replant every season. I know it's a hard neck variety
00:24:14
and it's a purple stripe type, but that's all I can tell you
00:24:18
other than it's got a good flavor and that produces well
00:24:21
for me. So Needless to say, I am now
00:24:23
really good about labeling my garlic.
00:24:27
Until next time, my garlic friends, my garlic friends,
00:24:29
absolutely. You are my garlic friends.
00:24:32
You are also my gardening friends.
00:24:34
So keep on cultivating that dream garden and we'll talk
00:24:36
again soon. For more information about
00:24:38
today's topic and to find all the ways you can get in touch
00:24:41
with me or support the show, go to justgrowsomethingpodcast.com.
00:24:45
Until next time, my gardening friends, keep learning and keep
00:24:48
growing.